LONE-TAR Command-line Syntax v4.3.x

Command Example 1: Backup a single file/directory

Backup Device >>> /dev/st0
Block Factor >>> 20
Directory being backed up >>> /bin

# cd /
# lone-tar Cvfb /dev/st0 20 ./bin

This command-line calls the LONE-TAR program and indicates:

C create an archive using no compression
v display files being backed up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

As you can see, the C and v has no argument, while the f, b functions do. Notice there is no flag for the directory you want backed up. Just place whatever files or directories you wish to backup after all the proper flags and arguments.

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Command Example 2: Backup multiple files/directories

Backup Device >>> /dev/rStp0
Block Factor >>> 20
Directories being backed up >>> /bin & /var/spool & /usr2

# cd /
# lone-tar Cvfb /dev/rStp0 20 ./bin ./var/spool ./usr2

C create an archive using no compression
v display files being backed up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/rStp0
b block size of 20 for the media

The only difference with this example and example 1 is the amount of directories being backed up.

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Command Example 3: Backup an inclusion list

Backup Device >>> /dev/rcd0
Block Factor >>> 120
Inclusion List >>> /tmp/Backup.list

# cd /
# lone-tar CvfbF /dev/rcd0 120 ./tmp/Backup.list

C create an archive using no compression
v display files being backed up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/rcd0
b block size of 120 for the media

F backup all files contained in an inclusion list

Example Contents of the inclusion list /tmp/Backup.list

./usr/backups
./u2/database/user/dan
./usr
./tmp/roster.file

Anytime you make an inclusion list, it is great practice to begin every entry with a’./’

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Command Example 4: Backup a single file/directory with compression

Backup Device >>> /dev/st0
Block Factor >>> 120
Directory being backed up >>> /bin

# cd /
# lone-tar Pvfb /dev/st0 120 ./bin

P create an archive using software compression
v display files being backed up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

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Command Example 5: Backup an entire system with exclusions

Backup Device >>> /dev/st0
Block Factor >>> 120
Directory being backed up >>> /

# cd /
# lone-tar MvfbE /dev/st0 120 ./usr2

M create a Master Backup Archive
v display files being backed up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media
E exclude a file or directory from a backup

So command 5 does a full system backup, but excludes the directory '/usr2'.
You may use as many 'E' flags as much as you want in one command to match the needed exclusions. Or use the 'X' flag to exclude an inclusion list of files and directories.

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Command Example 6: Listing of files on an archive

# lone-tar tvfb /dev/st0 20

t lists files on a LONE-TAR archive.
v display files being listed on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

Watch and see the tape fly with a list of its contents. The t is mnemonic for table-of-contents.

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Command Example 7: Level 1 Verification on an archive

# lone-tar Tvfb /dev/st0 20

T verify files on a LONE-TAR archive using a Level 1 Verification Process.
v display files being verified on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

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Command Example 8: Level 2 Verification (Byte-by-Byte) on an archive

# lone-tar TTvfb /dev/st0 20

TT verify files on a LONE-TAR archive using a Level 2 Verification Process.
v display files being verified on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

This is the verification LONE-TAR uses on EVERY backup from the Menu or from one of our scripts. This is the most recommended way to verify files and is the most used.

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Command Example 9: Restore a directory to its original place on the hard drive

# cd /
# lone-tar xvfb /dev/st0 20 ./usr/brad/

x restore files from LONE-TAR archive
v display files being restored up on the screen but keep NO catalog
f use the device which is named /dev/st0
b block size of 20 for the media

This command will restore all the contents of '/usr/brad' to its original place on the hard drive.

**NOTE**
Any time you are doing a restore of a directory and all its sub-contents, please use a trailing '/' at the end of the entry. Otherwise you will just restore the directory name and nothing else.

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Table 1. Summary of Verification and Listing Functions

Verify or List Function	Option
Catalog file - create carbon copy of screen output	-V
Exclude file or directory from Bit-level-verification	-E xx
Exclude a list of files or directories from Bit-level-verification	-X xx
List files on LONE-TAR backup archive	-t
Verify files on LONE-TAR backup archive (Level 1 Verification)	-T
Verify files on LONE-TAR backup archive (Level 2 Verification) Byte-by-Byte Verification **Recommended**	-TT

Table 2. Summary of Restore Options Available

Restore Capability Desired	Option
Catalog file - create carbon copy of screen output	-V
Exclude file or directory from being restored on the command-line	-E xx
Exclude a list of files or directories from being restored	-X xx
Flat file restore - preserve ONLY the filename part of the full path	-zFLAT
Relative Restore; Places files to a different directory other than their original spot on the hard drive xx = Your Directory Name	-zWHERE=xx
Interactive restore (approve or disapprove each file)	-w
Interactive Non-Destructive restore (same as above but only files that do not exist)	-Nw
Non-Destructive restore (restore only files not already on the system)	-N
Restore files modified after a specified date	-zDATE
Restore files modified on or before a specified date	-zDATEBEFORE
Restore files - needed on any restore	-x
Restore files placed in a list	-F xx
Symbolic link - restore the contents of the symbolic link if it already exists	-h
Strip leading slash from pathname before restoring	-A
Update files on hard disk with newer files on tape	-U

Table 3. Summary of Primary Backup Command-line Options

Backup Functions	Option
Backup with no compression	-C
Backup with compression	-P
Backup with compression on seeking device	-nc
Incremental backup	-I
Master backup	-M

Table 4. Summary of Secondary Backup Command-line Options

Backup Modifiers	Option
Add files to the end of a seeking device	-r
Backup files modified after a given date	-zDATE=xx
Backup a raw device file	-zDEV=xx
Backup virtual files using virtual file processing. Use environment variable	VIRUTAL_LIST
Catalog file creation - create carbon copy of backup screen output	-V
Change group number of files	-g
Compression - compress executable files also	-Z
Compression - minimum size file to compress	-L xx
Device block size	-b xx
Device capacity, accepts MB, GB, TB (with a limit of 2TB)	-k xx
Device name (name of backup device)	-f xx
Device has seeking ability	-n
Exclude a file or directory from the backup	-E xx
Exclude a list of files or directories from the backup	-X xx
File List - backup ALL files contained in this file list	-F xx
Linked files - report any unresolved links encountered during backup	-l
Locking - use Enforced File Locking	-RR
Locking - use Unenforced File Locking	-R
Locking - use No File Locking with Master or Incremental Backups	-RRR
Preserve file access times	-a
Prevent a file from being split across volumes	-e
Restart a backup on a given file	-zRESTART=xx
Speed option using double buffering (up to 100% faster)	-S
Starting directory	-zWHERE=xx
Symbolic link - backup its contents (not the link info)	-h